Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on restricted-access molecularly imprinted polymers for ultrarapid determination of ractopamine residues from food samples by capillary electrophoresis

J Chromatogr A. 2024 Apr 12:1720:464809. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464809. Epub 2024 Mar 10.

Abstract

An ultrafast, efficient, and eco-friendly method combining magnetic solid phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection have been developed to determine ractopamine residues in food samples. A restricted access material based on magnetic and mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymer has been properly synthesized and characterized, demonstrating excellent selectivity and high adsorbent capacity. Short-end injection capillary electrophoresis method was optimized: 75 mM triethylamine pH 7 as BGE, -20 kV, 50 mbar by hydrodynamic injection during 8 s, and capillary temperature at 25 °C; reaching ultrafast ractopamine analysis (∼0.6 min) with good peak asymmetry, and free from interfering and/or baseline noise. After sample preparation optimization, the conditions were: 1000 µL of sample at pH 6, 20 mg of adsorbent, stirring time of 120 s, 250 µL of ultrapure water as washing solvent, 1000 µL of methanol: acetic acid (7: 3, v/v) as eluent, and the adsorbent can be reused four times. In these conditions, the analytical method showed recoveries around to 100 %, linearity ranged from 9.74 to 974.0 µg kg-1, correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0,99 in addition to adequate precision, accuracy, and robustness. After proper validation, the method was successfully applied in the analysis ractopamine residues in bovine milk and bovine and porcine muscle.

Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis; Magnetic solid phase extraction; Meat; Milk; Molecularly imprinted polymers; Ractopamine; Restricted access material.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
  • Electrophoresis, Capillary / methods
  • Magnetic Phenomena
  • Molecular Imprinting* / methods
  • Molecularly Imprinted Polymers*
  • Phenethylamines*
  • Solid Phase Extraction / methods
  • Swine

Substances

  • ractopamine
  • Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
  • Phenethylamines