Preparation and evaluation of the immune efficacy of an inactivated fowl adenovirus 8a serotype oil emulsion vaccine

Jingqi Wu; Xiao Lu; Lingling Song; Liping Liu; Yuehua Gao; Hongmei Li; Kexiang Yu; Lihong Qi

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26578

Preparation and evaluation of the immune efficacy of an inactivated fowl adenovirus 8a serotype oil emulsion vaccine

Heliyon. 2024 Feb 18;10(5):e26578. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26578. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Authors

Jingqi Wu^{1

2

3

4}, Xiao Lu¹, Lingling Song¹, Liping Liu¹, Yuehua Gao¹, Hongmei Li^{2

3

4}, Kexiang Yu¹, Lihong Qi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, China.
² Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
³ College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
⁴ Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
⁵ Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.

Abstract

In recent years, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) transmission has significantly increased worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The virus causes hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The prevalent FAdV strains in China are FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11. Vaccines for FAdV-4 and FAdV-8b, which prevent HHS and IBH, are available commercially, but no vaccine exists for FAdV-8a. To address this issue, we developed a vaccine using an oil emulsion to inactivate the FAdV-8a serotype. Additionally, we built a fluorescence quantitative PCR for the detection of the virus. The lowest concentration detected was 4.11 × 10¹ copies/μL. The study's results illustrated that the FAdV-8a oil emulsion vaccine effectively produced significant antibodies and offered ample protection for poultry. This vaccine can potentially limit the transmission of IBH resulting from FAdV-8a in China.

Keywords: FAdV-8a; Fowl adenovirus; Inclusion body hepatitis; Oil emulsion inactivated vaccine.