Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Definition, Diagnosis, and Routine Management

Philip Yang; Michael W Sjoding

doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2023.12.003

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Definition, Diagnosis, and Routine Management

Crit Care Clin. 2024 Apr;40(2):309-327. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2023.12.003. Epub 2024 Jan 4.

Authors

Philip Yang¹, Michael W Sjoding²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, 6335 Hospital Parkway, Physicians Plaza Suite 310, Johns Creek, GA 30097, USA. Electronic address: philip.yang@emory.edu.
² Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC, Building 16, G027W, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

PMID: 38432698
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2023.12.003

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung injury characterized by severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, bilateral opacities on chest imaging, and low lung compliance. ARDS is a heterogeneous syndrome that is the common end point of a wide variety of predisposing conditions, with complex pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms. Routine management of ARDS is centered on lung-protective ventilation strategies such as low tidal volume ventilation and targeting low airway pressures to avoid exacerbation of lung injury, as well as a conservative fluid management strategy.

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Heterogeneity; Lung-protective ventilation; Phenotypes.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Humans
Lung Compliance
Lung Injury*
Respiration, Artificial
Respiratory Distress Syndrome* / diagnosis
Respiratory Distress Syndrome* / therapy