Since 1929 when ectodermal dysplasia was first mentioned in the literature the syndrome has been described in many case studies and genealogical reports. It has also been the subject of numerous review articles. The present article gives an account of an 8-year old boy who had long been treated under the supposition that he was severely mentally retarded. While he was an inpatient at a psychiatric facility for children and adolescents it became apparent that he had many abilities that had previously gone unnoticed, and it was felt that an intensive treatment program might possibly even lead to full rehabilitation. Upon discharge 3 months later the medical, psychological and social effects of the program were still difficult to pinpoint, but a new phase of development had clearly begun. In the reassessment of this child a totally different type of personality came to light. Because of his outward appearance the boy had till then apparently been regarded as being both somatically and mentally handicapped. The new diagnosis of a primarily somatic disability and a high level of intelligence therefore opened the door to a new developmental process.