A Tale of Two Hospitals: Effect of Access to Care Through a Safety Net Hospital on Adjuvant Therapy, Imaging Compliance and 5-Year Survival Rates Compared to the University Hospital Served by the Same Breast Cancer Clinical Teams

Acad Radiol. 2024 Jul;31(7):2728-2738. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.01.030. Epub 2024 Feb 15.

Abstract

Rationale and objectives: To compare rates of guideline-concordant care, imaging surveillance, recurrence and survival outcomes between a safety-net (SNH) and tertiary-care University Hospital (UH) served by the same breast cancer clinical teams.

Materials and methods: 647 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer treated in affiliated SNH and UH between 11.1.2014 and 3.31.2017 were reviewed. Patient demographics, completion of guideline-concordant adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation and hormonal therapy were recorded. Two multivariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate the effect of hospital and race on cancer stage. Kaplan-Meier log-rank and Cox-regression were used to analyze five-year recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between hospitals and races, (p < 0.05 significant).

Results: Patients in SNH were younger (mean SNH 53.2 vs UH 57.9, p < 0.001) and had higher rates of cT3/T4 disease (SNH 19% vs UH 5.5%, p < 0.001). Patients in the UH had higher rates of bilateral mastectomy (SNH 17.6% vs UH 40.1% p < 0.001) while there was no difference in the positive surgical margin rate (SNH 5.0% vs UH 7.6%, p = 0.20), completion of adjuvant radiation (SNH 96.9% vs UH 98.7%, p = 0.2) and endocrine therapy (SNH 60.8% vs UH 66.2%, p = 0.20). SNH patients were less compliant with mammography surveillance (SNH 64.1% vs UH 75.1%, p = 0.02) and adjuvant chemotherapy (SNH 79.1% vs UH 96.3%, p < 0.01). RFS was lower in the SNH (SNH 54 months vs UH 57 months, HR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.18-3.94, p = 0.01) while OS was not significantly different (SNH 90.5% vs UH 94.2%, HR 1.78, 95% CI: 0.97-3.26, p = 0.06).

Conclusion: In patients experiencing health care disparities, having access to guideline-concordant care through SNH resulted in non-inferior OS to those in tertiary-care UH.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Health disparity; Safety-net hospital; Survival.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breast Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Breast Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Breast Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Female
  • Guideline Adherence / statistics & numerical data
  • Health Services Accessibility* / statistics & numerical data
  • Hospitals, University*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Safety-net Providers* / statistics & numerical data
  • Survival Rate