Objective: To study the association of H. pylori infection with colorectal adenomas.
Methods: Web searches of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for randomized controlled trials, class-experimental studies, and cohort studies on the association between H. pylori and colorectal adenomas were performed from May 2000 to May 2023. Literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted and evaluated for quality, and statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2 software.
Results: A total of 15 studies were included, and meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference between colorectal neoplastic polyp cases in the H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative groups [OR=1.80, 95%CI: (1.31, 2.47), P < .01, I2 = 95%]. Analysis based on subgroups of different H. pylori detection methods showed that the correlation between H. pylori infection and colorectal polyp incidence is not affected by their detection methods, with serological detection subgroup: [OR=0.13, 95%CI: (0.05, 0.21), P < .01, I2 = 88%], and non-serological detection subgroup: [OR=0.13, 95%CI: (0.04, 0.22), P < .01, I2 = 95%]. Subgroup analysis of pathological types showed that H. pylori infection is not significantly associated with the development of non-neoplastic polyps [OR=1.47, 95%CI: 0.98-2.22, P = .06], whereas it is correlated with the development of neoplastic polyps [95%CI: 1.69-3.22, P < .01]. In the subgroup analysis of geographic differences in the population, H. pylori infection was correlated with the development of colorectal polyps in different geographic populations (P < .01).
Conclusion: H. pylori infection is a risk factor for colorectal polyp neoplasia, its infection is associated with colorectal neoplasia, and the correlation is not affected by the different methods of H. pylori detection and the different geographic regions of the population.