Synergistic binding mechanisms of co-contaminants in soil profiles: Influence of iron-bearing minerals and microbial communities

Environ Pollut. 2024 Mar 1:344:123353. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123353. Epub 2024 Jan 14.

Abstract

In contaminated soil sites, the coexistence of inorganic and organic contaminants poses a significant threat to both the surrounding ecosystem and public health. However, the migration characteristics of these co-contaminants within the soil and their interactions with key components, including Fe-bearing minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms, remain unclear. This study involved the collection of a 4.3-m-depth co-contaminated soil profile to investigate the vertical distribution patterns of co-contaminants (namely, arsenic, cadmium, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) and their binding mechanisms with environmental factors. The results indicated a notable downward accumulation of inorganic contaminants with increasing soil depth, whereas PCBs were predominantly concentrated in the uppermost layer. Chemical extraction and synchrotron radiation analysis highlighted a positive correlation between the abundance of reactive iron (FeCBD) and both co-contaminants and microbial communities in the contaminated site. Furthermore, Mantel tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated the direct impacts of FeCBD and microbial communities on co-contaminants within the soil profile. Overall, these results provided valuable insights into the migration and transformation characteristics of co-contaminants and their binding mechanisms mediated by minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms.

Keywords: Co-contaminated soil site; Fe-bearing minerals; Microbial community; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Synchrotron radiation.

MeSH terms

  • Iron / chemistry
  • Microbiota*
  • Minerals / chemistry
  • Polychlorinated Biphenyls* / analysis
  • Soil / chemistry
  • Soil Pollutants* / analysis

Substances

  • Iron
  • Soil
  • Polychlorinated Biphenyls
  • Soil Pollutants
  • Minerals