Chromatographic evaluation of tocols and sterols of processed canola oil and deodorizer distillate

Hadia Shoaib; Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi; Saba Naz; Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar; Abdul Rauf Khaskheli; Siraj Uddin; Ahmed Raza Sidhu; Hamide Filiz Ayyildiz; Hüseyin Kara; Mustafa Topkafa

doi:10.3906/kim-2104-21

Chromatographic evaluation of tocols and sterols of processed canola oil and deodorizer distillate

Turk J Chem. 2021 Sep 12;46(2):302-310. doi: 10.3906/kim-2104-21. eCollection 2022.

Affiliations

¹ National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
² Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
³ Institute of Pharmacy, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Sindh, Pakistan.
⁴ International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selçuk University Konya, Turkey.
⁶ Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
⁷ Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Konya Technical University, Turkey.

Abstract

Tocopherols and tocotrienols in the combined form are known as tocols. Changes of total and individual tocols and sterols concentration of canola oil and deodorizer distillate (DD) during different processing stages were evaluated with the application of gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For sterols analysis, GC coupled with flame ionization detector (FID) was used while tocols in canola oil samples and DD, normal phase (NP) HPLC was applied. The results of the present study indicated that levels of total and individual tocols and sterols content were decreased during processing (neutralization to deodorization). Deodorization was found to be the most effective process for the reduction of total sterols and tocols as 55.9% and 34.2%, respectively. A high amount of tocols and sterols was observed in DD. Among tocols and sterols; beta tocopherol (β-T) and β-sitosterol were found to be in greater concentration 53.97% and 31.82%, respectively. Therefore, DD could be used as a valuable by-product in the cosmetics and food industries.

Keywords: Canola oil; deodorizer distillate; processing; sterols; tocols.

Grants and funding

The authors would also like to thank the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan for the financial support through grant No. 6717/Sindh/NRPU/R&D/HEC.