Preoperative radiographs underdiagnose the severity of lateral femoral and medial trochlear cartilage damage in varus osteoarthritis knees

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated whether preoperative radiographs accurately predicted intra-articular cartilage damage in varus knees.

Methods: The study assessed 181 knees in 156 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Cartilage damage was graded by two examiners with the International Cartilage Repair Society classification; one used knee radiographs and the other used intraoperative photographs. It was then determined if this radiographic cartilage assessment over- or underestimated the actual damage severity. Knee morphological characteristics affecting radiographic misestimation of damage severity were also identified.

Results: The concordance rate between radiographic and intraoperative assessments of the medial femoral condyle was high, at around 0.7. Large discrepancies were found for the lateral femoral condyle and medial trochlear groove. Radiographic assessment underestimated cartilage damage on the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle due to a large lateral tibiofemoral joint opening and severe varus alignment {both r = -0.43}. Medial trochlear damage was also underdiagnosed, in cases of residual medial tibiofemoral cartilage and shallow medial tibial slope {r = -0.25 and -0.21, respectively}.

Conclusions: Radiographic evaluation of knee osteoarthritis was moderately practical using International Cartilage Repair Society grades. Lateral femoral condyle and medial trochlear cartilage damage tended to be misestimated, but considering morphologic factors might improve the diagnostic rate.

Keywords: International Cartilage Repair Society classification; Varus knee osteoarthritis; gross finding; radiographic assessment; total knee arthroplasty.