Discovery of Lead 2-Thiazolylhydrazones with Broad-Spectrum and Potent Antifungal Activity

J Med Chem. 2023 Dec 28;66(24):16628-16645. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01105. Epub 2023 Dec 8.

Abstract

Opportunistic fungal infections represent a global health problem, mainly for immunocompromised individuals. New therapeutical options are needed since several fungal strains show resistance to clinically available antifungal agents. 2-Thiazolylhydrazones are well-known as potent compounds against Candida and Cryptococcus species. A scaffold-focused drug design using machine-learning models was established to optimize the 2-thiazolylhydrazone skeleton and obtain novel compounds with higher potency, better solubility in water, and enhanced absorption. Twenty-nine novel compounds were obtained and most showed low micromolar MIC values against different species of Candida and Cryptococcus spp., including Candida auris, an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast. Among the synthesized compounds, 2-thiazolylhydrazone 28 (MIC value ranging from 0.8 to 52.17 μM) was selected for further studies: cytotoxicity evaluation, permeability study in Caco-2 cell model, and in vivo efficacy against Cryptococcus neoformans in an invertebrate infection model. All results obtained indicate the great potential of 28 as a novel antifungal agent.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antifungal Agents* / pharmacology
  • Antifungal Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Caco-2 Cells
  • Candida
  • Humans
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Mycoses* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents