Objectives: Novel histopathologic prognostic factors are needed to identify patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) at risk of inferior outcomes. Our primary objective was to evaluate the Ki-67 proliferative index in follicular and interfollicular areas in tissue biopsy specimens from patients with newly diagnosed FL and correlate with clinical outcomes. Our secondary objective was to correlate PD-L1 and LAG-3 with clinical outcomes.
Methods: Seventy cases of low-grade FL from the University of Minnesota were evaluated with Ki-67 immunohistochemical stain. Ki-67 expression as a continuous variable was interpreted digitally and manually in follicular and interfollicular areas. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Cox regression, and hazard ratios (HRs) per 10-point increase in Ki-67 were calculated.
Results: Progression-free survival at 4 years was 28% (95% CI, 19%-41%). Interfollicular, but not follicular, Ki-67 was associated with PFS by manual (HR, 1.33; P = .01) and digital (HR, 1.38; P = .02) analysis. Digital and manual Ki-67 were only moderately correlated but demonstrated similar effects on PFS. At 4 years, OS was 90% with no association with follicular or interfollicular Ki-67 proliferation.
Conclusions: Higher interfollicular Ki-67 by either digital or manual analysis is associated with a poorer PFS in patients with low-grade FL. These results suggest further validation of this marker is warranted to improve pathologic risk stratification at FL diagnosis. PD-L1 and LAG-3 were not associated with PFS or OS.
Keywords: Ki-67; LAG-3; PD-L1; follicular lymphoma; immunohistochemistry; prognosis; proliferative index.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pathology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.