Gender Differences in Risks of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors in the USA: A Narrative Review

Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2023 Dec;25(12):809-824. doi: 10.1007/s11920-023-01473-1. Epub 2023 Nov 6.

Abstract

Purpose of review: We review recent research (2018-2023) on gender differences in suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideations and attempts, death by suicide). We examine research studies in the following areas: developmental period, substance use, and special populations (Veterans, sexual and gender minorities).

Recent findings: Novel results were found in these different areas. For example, suicide rates for female youth are increasing at a faster rate relative to male youth. Further, some evidence suggests that heavy alcohol use/binge drinking is a significant and growing risk factor for suicidal behaviors in women. Military service may be a more significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors among male Veterans compared to female Veterans. Additionally, suicide rates are rising for gender minority youth/young adults. Recent research on gender differences in suicide outcomes demonstrates findings that align with previous research, as well as new insights on this important topic.

Keywords: Adult suicide; LGBT suicide; Substance use suicide; Suicide gender differences; Veteran suicide; Youth suicide.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Sex Factors
  • Suicidal Ideation
  • Suicide*
  • Suicide, Attempted
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Veterans*
  • Young Adult