Distribution and influencing factors on residual pockets of the teeth in patients with periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal treatment: a retrospective observational study

Xue Yang; Peicheng Liu; Xiaomiao Fan; Shiwen Yu; Chen Chen; Yaping Pan; Li Lin; Xiaolin Tang; Chen Li

doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03248-9

Distribution and influencing factors on residual pockets of the teeth in patients with periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal treatment: a retrospective observational study

BMC Oral Health. 2023 Oct 9;23(1):736. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03248-9.

Authors

Xue Yang^{1

2}, Peicheng Liu^{1

3}, Xiaomiao Fan¹, Shiwen Yu¹, Chen Chen¹, Yaping Pan¹, Li Lin¹, Xiaolin Tang¹, Chen Li⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China.
² School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
³ Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
⁴ Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China. lichen@cmu.edu.cn.

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic and multi-factorial infectious disease. A notable difference exists in the prognosis of patients with severe periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Thus, a retrospective study was conducted to identify common and specific factors that impact the prognosis of patients with periodontitis stage III-IV following non-surgical periodontal treatment at different tooth sites.

Methods: A total of 977 teeth were included in the study, comprising 266 patients diagnosed with periodontitis stage III-IV. This sample included 330 anterior teeth, 362 maxillary posterior teeth, and 285 mandibular posterior teeth. Following treatment, the teeth were categorized into two groups based on residual pocket depth [probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm] at 3 months post-treatment. The prognosis of periodontitis stage III-IV was assessed through multivariate analysis employing logistic regression to determine the association of various risk factors.

Results: The PD values of each site and the deepest PD values of each tooth significantly decreased at 3 months post-treatment. Residual pockets were predominantly found in the mesio/disto-buccal and mesio/disto-lingual regions. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender, PD, sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and plaque index (PLI) at baseline, and crown-root ratio in anterior teeth had a significant influence on periodontitis stage III-IV (P < 0.05). Smoking, PD, PLI and furcation involvement (FI) at baseline, PLI at 3 months post-treatment, grades of periodontitis, and crown-root ratio were prediction factors for maxillary posterior teeth. Factors such as PD, PLI and FI at baseline, PLI at 3 months post-treatment, and crown-root were significant in mandibular posterior teeth.

Conclusions: The outcome of non-surgical treatment varies depending on the tooth positions for patients with periodontitis stage III-IV. Dentists must accurately identify the affected teeth that have periodontal pockets of more than 5 mm, taking into consideration the positions of the affected teeth, as well as various local and systemic factors. This comprehensive assessment will enable dentists to develop a customized and effective treatment plan.

Keywords: Influencing factors; Non-surgical periodontal treatment; Periodontitis; Prognosis.

Publication types

Observational Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Humans
Periodontal Pocket / therapy
Periodontitis* / surgery
Periodontitis* / therapy
Retrospective Studies
Tooth*
Treatment Outcome

Associated data

ChiCTR/ChiCTR1900023381