A new insight into superacute care for type A acute aortic dissection in the Tokyo Acute Aortic Super Network

Abstract

Objective: To determine the status of type A acute aortic dissection using the Tokyo Acute Aortic Super Network.

Methods: Data of 6283 patients with acute aortic dissection between 2015 and 2019 were collected. Data of 3303 patients with type A acute aortic dissection were extracted for analysis.

Results: Overall, 51.0% of patients were nondirect admissions. On arrival, 23.1% of patients were in shock, 10.0% in cardiopulmonary arrest, and 11.8% in deep coma or coma. Overall, 9.8% of patients were assessed as untreatable. Of 2979 treatable patients, 18.3% underwent medical treatment, whereas 80.7% underwent surgery (open [78.8%], endovascular [1.9%], and peripheral [1.1%] repair). The early mortality rate was 20.5%, including untreatable cases. Among treatable patients, in-hospital mortality rates were 8.6% for open repair, 10.7% for endovascular repair, and 25.3% for medical treatment. Advanced age, preoperative comorbidities, classical dissection, and medical treatment were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Nondirect admission did not cause increased deaths. The mortality rates were high during the superacute phase following symptom onset.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated current practices in the emergency care of type A acute aortic dissection via the Tokyo Acute Aortic Super Network system, specifically a high rate of untreatable or inoperable cases and favorable outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment. High mortality rates were observed during the super acute phase after symptom onset or hospital arrival.

Keywords: early outcome; emergency care network; risk factor; super acute phase; type A acute aortic dissection.