Prognosis of 40 patients with gallbladder carcinoma who had undergone curative resection was investigated. Five-year survival rate calculated from Kaplan & Meier's method was 67% in 16 cases in Stage I, 43% in 8 cases in Stage II and 22% in 10 cases in Stage III, respectively. In 6 cases, classified as Stage IV, no case survived more than 2 years postoperatively. Most patients in Stage I had the tumors of papillary type in macroscopic appearance, papillary adenocarcinoma, and negative vascular and perineural invasions and showed better prognosis. In Stages II, III and IV, in contrast, most tumors were infiltrative or nodular type, tubular adenocarcinoma, and positive vascular and perineural invasions and demonstrated poorer prognosis. Patients in Stage I who had undergone simple cholecystectomy showed 5-year survival rate of 57%, and who underwent cholecystectomy with wedged resection of the gallbladder bed of the liver and regional lymphadenectomy (extended cholecystectomy) showed that of 100%. Extended cholecystectomy, therefore, is the procedure of choice in patients in Stage I. In patients in Stages II, III and IV, extended cholecystectomy yielded 5-year survival rate of 33%. More radical procedure or combined modality therapy must be indicated in advanced stage of the disease.