Timing of Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth Dose in Exposed Newborns, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mebratu Demissie; Haregwa Asnake Weldekidan; Yirgalem Yosef; Seboka Abebe Sori; Daniel Tsega; Hirut Dinku Jiru; Aberash Beyene Derribow; Mesfin Difer Tetema; Gudeta Beriso Jima; Fentahun Temene Zeleke; Fikremariam Endeshew; Seblework Abeje

doi:10.1177/23779608231187258

Timing of Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth Dose in Exposed Newborns, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

SAGE Open Nurs. 2023 Jul 12:9:23779608231187258. doi: 10.1177/23779608231187258. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
² Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus disease is a global acute and chronic communicable disease. Mother-to-child transmission is the reason for high carrier rates. Unvaccinated newborns infected through mother-to-child transmission are at >95% risk of developing chronic hepatitis B virus disease. Vaccination is the most effective measure to reduce the global incidence of hepatitis B virus disease. Despite the World Health Organization's target to achieve 90% of the hepatitis B vaccine birth dose by 2030, little is known about the vaccination status of exposed newborns.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the timing of the hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in exposed newborns in Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed on 422 systematically selected exposed newborns from April 2, 2022, to August 28, 2022. A pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 23 software for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions were performed. Variables with a p-value <.05 at a 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant.

Results: The proportion of neonates who received their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine on time was 57 (42.5%) (95% CI: 38.3-46.1%). A higher likelihood of vaccinating their exposed newborns on time was associated with formal education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.21-7.09), four or more ANC visits (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 2.05-6.21), and husband engagement (AOR = 4.31, 95% CI: 2.03-6.34).

Conclusion: The proportion of timely initiation of the hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in Southwest Ethiopia was low. Thus, strengthening health education on the hepatitis B vaccine, encouraging women to have at least four ANC visits, and encouraging male involvement help improve the timely administration of the hepatitis B vaccine.

Keywords: Southwest Ethiopia; exposed newborns; hepatitis B vaccine; timing of birth dose.