The relationship between mitral regurgitant severity, symptoms, and exercise capacity in primary degenerative mitral regurgitation

Abstract

Although it is assumed that more severe MR is associated with a greater burden of symptoms and lower exercise capacity, the relationship between symptoms, exercise capacity, and mitral regurgitant severity has not been well studied. We prospectively studied 67 (63 ± 11 years, 72% male) patients with at least mild degenerative MR and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50% who underwent stress echocardiography, CMR, and evaluation with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy questionnaire (KCCQ). Symptoms and exercise capacity were evaluated in the context of MR severity. Patients reporting dyspnea had lower KCCQ symptom scores (79 ± 23 vs. 96 ± 9, p = 0.01) and achieved lower percentage of age and gender predicted METs (114 ± 37 vs. 152 ± 43%, p < 0.001) compared to those without dyspnea. There was no significant difference in MR volume between those with vs. without dyspnea by CMR (43 ± 26 ml vs. 51 ± 28 ml, p = 0.3) or echocardiography (64 ± 28 vs. 73 ± 41ml, p = 0.4). Those with severe MR by CMR had similar KCCQ symptom scores (96 ± 10 vs. 89 ± 17, p = 0.04) and percentage of age and gender predicted METs (148 ± 42 vs. 133 ± 47%, p = 0.2) to those without severe MR. Those with severe MR by echocardiography had similar KCCQ symptom score (93 ± 15 vs. 89 ± 16, p = 0.3) and percentage of age and gender predicted METs (138 ± 43 vs. 153 ± 46%, p = 0.2) to those without severe MR. Patients with degenerative MR assessed by CMR and stress echocardiography, there was no relationship between MR severity and either symptoms or exercise capacity. These findings highlight the disconnect between symptoms and the severity of MR and challenge the assumption that correcting MR can be counted on to improve symptom status in patients with degenerative MR.

Keywords: CMR; Echocardiography; Functional status; Mitral regurgitation; Stress echocardiography.