HSV-1 Encephalitis Presenting with Diplopia: Effects of Infection or Autoimmunity?

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2023 Sep 1;42(9):e348-e349. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003984. Epub 2023 May 30.

Abstract

This report describes a case in which diplopia was developed as a finding of postinfectious anti- N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor encephalitis. Infectious encephalitis, especially herpes simplex virus, is essential as it is one of the triggers of autoimmune encephalitis. Even if the cases present unexpected clinical findings, we should be vigilant in terms of autoimmune processes, such as diplopia seen in our case.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis* / complications
  • Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis* / diagnosis
  • Autoimmunity
  • Diplopia / diagnosis
  • Diplopia / etiology
  • Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex* / complications
  • Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex* / diagnosis
  • Herpesvirus 1, Human*
  • Humans