Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity Management in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: What Urologists Need To Know

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a treatment option for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urologists need to be aware of the indications for ICI treatment in this setting and the systemic toxicities associated with these agents. We provide a brief overview of the most common treatment-related adverse events reported in the literature and summarize guidelines for their management. PATIENT SUMMARY: Immunotherapy is now being used as a treatment option for bladder cancer that does not invade the bladder muscle. Urologists need to become comfortable in recognizing and managing adverse effects associated with immunotherapy drugs.

Keywords: Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer; Toxicity management.