Ammonia - an enduring foe - What evaluating whole body ammonia metabolism can teach us about cirrhosis and therapies treating hepatic encephalopathy

Affiliations

• ¹ Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK. Electronic address: debbie.shawcross@kcl.ac.uk.
• ² Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière Study Group, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine & Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Paris 75013, France; Sorbonne Université, Liver Intensive Care Unit, Hepatogastroenterology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, 75013, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, F-75005, France.
• ³ Senior Scholar, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.