Choline is an essential nutrient that plays an integral role in all stages of the life cycle, with increasing interest in the relationship between choline and neurodevelopment. Choline is a major component in the synthesis of phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingolipids, and is an essential nutrient for methyl metabolism, acetylcholine synthesis and cell signaling. Choline plays an important role in neurogenesis and neural migration during fetal development, potentially influencing the development and prognosis of neurological disorders, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. This article reviews the source and metabolism of choline, the effects and mechanism of choline on neurodevelopment and central nervous system related disorders.
胆碱是人体必需的营养素，在生命周期的所有阶段均起着不可或缺的作用，其中胆碱与神经发育之间的关系日益受到关注。胆碱是合成磷脂、磷脂酰胆碱和鞘磷脂的主要成分，是甲基代谢、乙酰胆碱合成和细胞信号转导的重要营养素。胆碱在胎儿发育过程中的神经发生和神经迁移中起着重要作用，潜在影响神经系统疾病的发生及预后，但其作用机制尚未明确。本文就胆碱的来源与代谢、胆碱对神经发育、中枢神经系统相关疾病的影响及机制进行阐述。.