Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in an Adolescent Female with Anorexia Nervosa

Abstract

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition that develops from compression of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and abdominal aorta. SMAS is an atypical complication of restrictive eating disorders. The SMA is supported by adipose tissue to create an aortomesenteric angle that varies from 25-60 degrees. A reduction in adipose tissue causes narrowing of this angle, and SMAS develops when the aortomesenteric angle is narrow enough that it compresses the distal duodenum passing through. Patients present with small bowel obstructive symptoms. We report a severe case of SMAS in an adolescent female with anorexia nervosa who presented with acute and chronic symptoms of bowel obstruction. Awareness of the association between SMAS and restrictive eating disorders can help guide clinical decision-making and prevent delay of diagnosis and serious complications.

Keywords: Anorexia Nervosa; Duodenal Obstruction; Gastric Distension; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome.