Objective: To analyze the trends of the age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Data were extracted from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019. A total of 253 037 Han girls aged 9 to 18 years with complete data on menarche were selected in this study. They were asked one-on-one about their menstrual status, age and residence information. The median age of menarche was estimated by probability regression. U tests were used to compare the difference in median age at menarche in different years. Results: The median age at menarche (95%CI) among Chinese Han girls was 12.47 (12.09-12.83) years in 2010, 12.17 (11.95-12.38) years in 2014 and 12.05 (10.82-13.08) years in 2019, respectively. Compared with that in 2010, the median age at menarche in 2019 decreased by 0.42 years (U=-77.27, P<0.001). The annual average changes were -0.076 years from 2010 to 2014 (U=-57.19, P<0.001) and -0.023 years from 2014 to 2019 (U=-21.41, P<0.001), respectively. The average annual changes in urban areas in the periods of 2010 to 2014 and 2014 to 2019 were -0.071 years and 0.006 years, respectively, while those in rural areas were -0.082 years and -0.053 years, respectively. The average annual changes in the regions of north, northeast, east, south central, southwest and northwest were -0.064, -0.099, -0.091, -0.080, -0.096 and -0.041 years in the period of 2010 to 2014 and 0.001, -0.040, -0.002, -0.005, -0.043 and -0.081 years in the period of 2014 to 2019. Conclusion: The age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years shows an advanced trend from 2010 to 2019, and the trends in urban and rural areas and different regions have different characteristics.
目的： 分析2010—2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮年龄的变化趋势。 方法： 利用2010、2014和2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据，以月经初潮资料完整的253 037名9~18岁汉族女生为对象，采用一对一询问调查对象月经状态、年龄和居住地等资料，采用概率回归法计算月经初潮中位年龄，采用U检验比较不同年份月经初潮中位年龄的差异。 结果： 2010、2014和2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮中位年龄（95%CI）分别为12.47（12.09~12.83）、12.17（11.95~12.38）和12.05（10.82~13.08）岁；与2010年相比，2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮中位年龄提前了0.42岁（U=-77.27，P<0.001）。2010—2014年和2014—2019年的年平均提前量分别为-0.076岁和-0.023岁（U值分别为-57.19和-21.41，均P<0.001）。城市2010—2014年和2014—2019年平均变化量分别为-0.071岁和0.006岁，乡村地区分别为-0.082岁和-0.053岁。华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北地区2010—2014年平均变化量分别为-0.064、-0.099、-0.091、-0.080、-0.096和-0.041岁，2014—2019年平均变化量为0.001、-0.040、-0.002、-0.005、-0.043和-0.081岁。 结论： 2010—2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮年龄呈提前趋势，城乡和不同地区的变化趋势呈现不同特点。.