[Personalized treatment options for spinal muscular atrophy]

Ideggyogy Sz. 2023 Mar 30;76(3-4):77-94. doi: 10.18071/isz.76.0077.
[Article in Hungarian]

Abstract

<p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, in severe cases also affecting the bulbar and respiratory muscles.The clinical spectrum of the disease is extremely variable, in the most severe cases resulting in perinatal death, while at the least severe end of the spectrum causing some motor deficits in old age without the loss of ambulation. Spinal muscular atrophy care has changed dramatically in recent years due to the availability of new therapeutic options.&nbsp;<br>The FDA approved nusinersen in 2016, this was followed by the approval of onasemnogene abeparvovec in 2019 and risdiplam in 2020. The EMA approved all three therapies a year later. Two of the threapies work at the pre-mRNA level, one at the DNA level. The clinical studies leading to the approval of the three drugs included patients of different ages and clinical conditions, and utilised partly different motor and functional scales. Therefore, direct comparison of these clinical studies is not possible. However, an increasing amount of real-world data contribute to the better understanding of the efficacy of the different therapies for patients of different ages and clinical conditions, in a real-world setting. Thus, the question may arise &ldquo;Which is the best SMA therapy?&rdquo;. This is an impossible question to answer. Indeed the question &ldquo;Which therapy is the most suitable for a certain patient at a certain time?&rdquo; is much more realistic. Here, we provide a brief overview of the objectively measurable results of the three therapies to date and an outlook into future therapeutic avenues.&nbsp;</p>.

<p>A spinalis izomatrophia (SMA) a betegs&eacute;g term&eacute;szetes lefoly&aacute;sa eset&eacute;n progresszív izomgyenges&eacute;ggel j&aacute;r, ami s&uacute;lyos esetben kiterjed a bulbaris &eacute;s l&eacute;gzőizmokra is. A betegs&eacute;g klinikai megjelen&eacute;se, a t&uuml;netek s&uacute;lyoss&aacute;ga heterog&eacute;n spektrumot k&eacute;pez, a legs&uacute;lyosabb esetben perinatalis hal&aacute;l is előfordulhat, a legenyh&eacute;bb form&aacute;ban a j&aacute;r&oacute;k&eacute;pess&eacute;get m&eacute;g felnőttkorban is megőrizheti a beteg.&nbsp;<br>A spinalis izomatrophia gondoz&aacute;sa gy&ouml;keresen megv&aacute;ltozott az elm&uacute;lt &eacute;vek ter&aacute;pi&aacute;s fejleszt&eacute;seinek k&ouml;sz&ouml;nhetően. Az FDA 2016-ban hagyta j&oacute;v&aacute; a nuszinerszent, amit 2019-ben az onaszemnog&eacute;n abeparvovek, majd 2020-ban a riszdipl&aacute;m k&ouml;vetett. Az EMA az FDA ut&aacute;n egy &eacute;vvel hagyta j&oacute;v&aacute; mindh&aacute;rom ter&aacute;pi&aacute;t. A ter&aacute;pi&aacute;k k&ouml;z&uuml;l kettő pre-mRNS-szinten, egy DNS-szinten hat. A j&oacute;v&aacute;hagy&aacute;st megelőző klinikai vizsg&aacute;latok k&uuml;l&ouml;nb&ouml;ző &aacute;llapot&uacute; &eacute;s &eacute;letkor&uacute; betegeket vizsg&aacute;ltak, r&eacute;szben elt&eacute;rő sk&aacute;l&aacute;kat haszn&aacute;lva, ez&eacute;rt ezek eredm&eacute;nyeinek k&ouml;zvetlen &ouml;sszehasonlít&aacute;sa nem egyszerű feladat. Az elm&uacute;lt n&eacute;h&aacute;ny &eacute;vben felhalmoz&oacute;dott &bdquo;real-world&rdquo; adatok azonban egyre t&ouml;bb lehetős&eacute;get ny&uacute;jtanak a val&oacute;s &eacute;letben az egyes ter&aacute;pi&aacute;k hat&aacute;soss&aacute;g&aacute;nak megít&eacute;l&eacute;s&eacute;re a k&uuml;l&ouml;nb&ouml;ző &eacute;letkor&uacute; &eacute;s s&uacute;lyoss&aacute;g&uacute; esetekben. Jogosan vetődhet fel a k&eacute;rd&eacute;s, hogy &bdquo;melyik ter&aacute;pia a legjobb?&rdquo;. Ez a k&eacute;rd&eacute;s ebben a form&aacute;ban megv&aacute;laszolhatatlan. Helyesen felt&eacute;ve a k&eacute;rd&eacute;st, sokkal ink&aacute;bb arra keress&uuml;k a v&aacute;laszt, hogy &bdquo;melyik egy&eacute;n sz&aacute;m&aacute;ra melyik ter&aacute;pia a legmegfelelőbb egy adott időpontban?&rdquo;. K&ouml;zlem&eacute;ny&uuml;nk a h&aacute;rom ter&aacute;pia eddig el&eacute;rt, objektíven m&eacute;rhető eredm&eacute;nyeit foglalja &ouml;ssze, &eacute;s kitekint&eacute;st ny&uacute;jt a lehets&eacute;ges j&ouml;vőbeni ter&aacute;pi&aacute;s utakr&oacute;l.</p>.

Keywords: RNA-based treatment; SMA; gene therapy; longitudinal follow-up; real-world data.

Publication types

  • English Abstract
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Atrophy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal* / drug therapy
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal* / genetics
  • Precision Medicine*
  • Pregnancy
  • Time Factors