Prognostic value and multifaceted roles of tetraspanin CD9 in cancer

Róbert Ondruššek; Barbora Kvokačková; Karolína Kryštofová; Světlana Brychtová; Karel Souček; Jan Bouchal

doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1140738

Prognostic value and multifaceted roles of tetraspanin CD9 in cancer

Front Oncol. 2023 Mar 17:13:1140738. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140738. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Róbert Ondruššek^{1

2}, Barbora Kvokačková^{3

4

5}, Karolína Kryštofová^{6

7}, Světlana Brychtová¹, Karel Souček^{3

4

5}, Jan Bouchal^{1

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia.
² Department of Pathology, EUC Laboratore CGB a.s., Ostrava, Czechia.
³ Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.
⁴ International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.
⁵ Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
⁶ Proteomics Core Facility Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
⁷ National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
⁸ Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.

Abstract

CD9 is a crucial regulator of cell adhesion in the immune system and plays important physiological roles in hematopoiesis, blood coagulation or viral and bacterial infections. It is involved in the transendothelial migration of leukocytes which might also be hijacked by cancer cells during their invasion and metastasis. CD9 is found at the cell surface and the membrane of exosomes affecting cancer progression and therapy resistance. High expression of CD9 is mostly associated with good patients outcome, with a few exceptions. Discordant findings have been reported for breast, ovarian, melanoma, pancreatic and esophageal cancer, which might be related to using different antibodies or inherent cancer heterogeneity. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, tetraspanin CD9 is not clearly associated with either tumor suppression or promotion. Further mechanistic experiments will elucidate the role of CD9 in particular cancer types and specific conditions.

Keywords: CD9; cancer; exosomes; immunohistochemistry; prognosis.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This work was supported by funds from the Czech Health Research Council (grant NU21-08-00023) and the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-22984S). JB was supported by DRO (FNOL, 00098892) from the Czech Ministry of Health and by the project of National Institute for Cancer Research (Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102) - Funded by the European Union - Next Generation EU.