1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. eberwine@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
2 Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Junhyong@sas.upenn.edu.
3 Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
4 Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
5 Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
6 Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
7 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
8 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
9 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
10 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
11 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
12 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
13 Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
We argue that the study of single-cell subcellular organelle omics is needed to understand and regulate cell function. This requires and is being enabled by new technology development.