Multiple ventricular septal defects associated to anomalous venous returns, mitral valve disease, myocardium hypertrophy, and right outflow obstruction: a multimodality imaging assessment

Abstract

We report a rare congenital heart disease characterized by multiple ventricular septal defects associated to anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous returns, marked apical myocardial hypertrophy of both ventricles and of right outflow, and hypoplastic mitral anulus. Multimodality imaging is mandatory to assess anatomical details.

Keywords: left superior vena cava; mitral valve disease; multiple ventricular septal defect; partial anomalous pulmonary venous return; right ventricle outflow obstruction.