Objective: To analyze the prevalence trend of malnutrition among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Based on the data from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019, about 215 102, 214 268 and 212 713 Han students aged 7-18 years were included in this study. According to the National Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents, the detection rate of malnutrition among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 was calculated, and the prevalence trend of malnutrition from 2010 to 2019 was analyzed. Results: In 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition among Chinese Han students aged 7-18 years was 8.64% (18 381/212 713), of which the rate of growth retardation, moderate-to-severe wasting and mild wasting was 0.50% (1 062/212 713), 3.25% (6 914/212 713) and 4.89% (10 405/212 713), respectively. In 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition in these boys was higher than that of girls (9.97% vs. 7.31%), and the detection rate in rural areas was higher than that in cities (9.30% vs. 7.98%). The detection rates were 9.74% (5 252/53 916), 8.17% (4 408/53 937), 7.29% (3 885/53 310), and 9.38% (4 836/51 550) in 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years groups, and 8.14% (6 563/80 618), 7.61% (4 237/55 694) and 9.92% (7 581/76 401) in the eastern, central, and western regions. Malnutrition among students in China was mainly caused by mild wasting, and the detection rate of growth retardation accounted for only 5.78% (1 062/18 381). Malnutrition was mostly concentrated in the southwest region, and the rate was relatively low in eastern provinces. In three surveys from 2010 to 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition among Han students aged 7-18 in China decreased gradually, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Among them, the detection rates in western rural areas decreased significantly, as well as the gap between urban and rural areas. Compared with that in 2014, the detection rate of malnutrition in Shandong, Hunan, Qinghai and Hainan provinces in 2019 decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: In 2019, the malnutrition of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years is dominated by wasting malnutrition. The detection rate shows a downward trend from 2010 to 2019, with regional differences.
目的： 分析2010—2019年中国7~18岁汉族儿童青少年营养不良的流行趋势。 方法： 利用2010、2014和2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据，分别将215 102、214 268和212 713名7~18岁汉族儿童青少年纳入研究。采用国家卫生标准《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》判定营养不良，计算7~18岁汉族儿童青少年的营养不良检出率，并分析2010—2019年营养不良检出率的趋势。 结果： 2019年中国7~18岁汉族学生的营养不良检出率为8.64%（18 381/212 713），其中生长迟缓、中重度消瘦及轻度消瘦分别为0.50%（1 062/212 713）、3.25%（6 914/212 713）和4.89%（10 405/212 713）。2019年7~18岁男生营养不良检出率高于女生（9.97%比7.31%），乡村地区检出率高于城市（9.30%比7.98%），7~9岁、10~12岁、13~15岁和16~18岁4个年龄段的检出率分别为9.74%（5 252/53 916）、8.17%（4 408/53 937）、7.29%（3 885/53 310）、9.38%（4 836/51 550），东、中、西部分别为8.14%（6 563/80 618）、7.61%（4 237/55 694）和9.92%（7 581/76 401）；我国学生营养不良主要以轻度消瘦为主，生长迟缓检出率在营养不良中仅占到5.78%（1 062/18 381）；多集中在西南地区，东部省市营养不良检出率较低。2010—2019年3次调查中，中国7~18岁汉族学生的营养不良检出率均逐次下降，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；西部农村地区各项检出率的下降幅度较大，城乡差距减小显著。与2014年相比，2019年山东、湖南、青海及海南营养不良的检出率下降幅度较大（P<0.05）。 结论： 2019年中国7~18岁儿童青少年的营养不良以消瘦型营养不良为主；2010—2019年营养不良检出率呈下降趋势，且存在地区差异。.