A Novel Nomogram for Predicting Malignant Cerebral Edema After Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study

World Neurosurg. 2023 May:173:e548-e558. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.02.091. Epub 2023 Feb 25.

Abstract

Background: Malignant cerebral edema (MCE) is a common and feared complication after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict MCE in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) patients receiving EVT in order to guide the postoperative medical care in the acute phase.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 381 patients with anterior circulation LVOS receiving EVT were screened from 636 hospitalized patients with LVOS at 2 stroke medical centers. Clinical baseline data and imaging data were collected within 2-5 days of admission to the hospital. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether MCE occurred after EVT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factors for MCE and to establish a nomogram.

Results: Sixty-six patients out of 381 (17.32%) developed MCE. The independent risk factors for MCE included admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥16 (odds ratio [OR] 1.851; 95% CI 1.029-3.329; P = 0.038), ASPECT score (OR 0.621; 95% CI 0.519-0.744; P < 0.001), right hemisphere (OR 1.636; 95% CI 0.941-2.843; P = 0.079), collateral circulation (OR 0.155; 95% CI 0.074-0.324; P < 0.001), recanalization (OR 0.223; 95% CI 0.109-0.457; P < 0.001), hematocrit (OR, 0.937; 95% CI: 0.892-0.985; P =0.010), and glucose (OR 1.118; 95% CI 1.023-1.223; P = 0.036), which were adopted as parameters of the nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the nomogram in predicting MCE was 0.901(95% CI 0.848-0.940; P < 0.001). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test results were not significant (P = 0.685), demonstrating a good calibration of the nomogram.

Conclusions: The novel nomogram composed of admission NIHSS, ASPECT scores, right hemisphere, collateral circulation, recanalization, hematocrit, and serum glucose provide a potential predictor for MCE in patients with AIS after EVT.

Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; Endovascular thrombectomy; Malignant cerebral edema; Nomogram.

MeSH terms

  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases* / complications
  • Brain Edema* / complications
  • Brain Edema* / etiology
  • Brain Ischemia* / complications
  • Brain Ischemia* / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain Ischemia* / surgery
  • Endovascular Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Endovascular Procedures* / methods
  • Glucose
  • Humans
  • Ischemic Stroke* / etiology
  • Nomograms
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stroke* / etiology
  • Thrombectomy / adverse effects
  • Thrombectomy / methods
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Glucose