Massively Parallel Profiling of Accessible Chromatin and Proteins with ASAP-Seq

Abstract

While methods such as the Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) enable a comprehensive characterization of regulatory DNA, additional measurements are required to characterize the multifaceted nature of eukaryotic cells. Here, we delineate the ATAC with Select Antigen Profiling by sequencing (ASAP-seq) protocol, a scalable approach to quantifying proteins via oligo-tagged antibodies alongside accessible DNA in thousands of single cells. Critically, our method utilizes a custom bridge oligo that enables the utilization of a variety of oligo-conjugated antibodies, enabling the utilization and repurposing of other commercial products. The ASAP-seq method can be completed with straightforward experimental and computational modifications existing single-cell ATAC-seq workflows but yields distinct modalities underlying complex cellular states, including estimation of protein abundance on the cell surface as well as intracellular and intranuclear factors.

Keywords: ATAC; Accessible chromatin; Gene regulation; Intracellular; Multimodal; Protein; Single-cell.