Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications and has serious implications for the health of mothers and their offspring. In recent years, studies have confirmed that air pollution is one of the main risk factors for diabetes, and there is increasing evidence that air pollution exposure is closely related to the occurrence of gestational diabetes. However, current studies on the association between air pollutant exposure and the incidence of gestational diabetes are inconsistent, and the window period of pollutant exposure is still unclear. Limited mechanistic studies suggest that airborne particulate matter and gaseous pollutants may affect GDM through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, disruption of adipokine secretion, and imbalance of intestinal flora. This review summarizes the relationship between air pollutant exposure and the incidence of GDM in recent years, as well as the possible molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of GDM caused by air pollutants, in order to provide scientific basis for preventing pollutant exposure, reducing the risk of GDM, improving maternal and fetal outcomes and improving the quality of the birth population.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是最常见的妊娠期并发症之一，可对母亲及其胎儿的健康产生严重影响。近年来的研究显示，空气污染暴露与GDM的发生有密切关联；然而空气污染物暴露与妊娠期糖尿病发病之间的关联研究结论并不一致，且污染物暴露的窗口期也尚不明确。有关机制的研究显示，空气中的颗粒物和气态污染物可能通过炎症、氧化应激、脂肪因子分泌紊乱和肠道菌群失衡等多种机制影响GDM。本综述对近年来空气污染物暴露与GDM发病之间的关联，以及大气污染物导致GDM发生和发展的可能分子机制进行总结，旨在为预防污染物暴露、降低GDM的发生风险，改善母胎结局提高出生人口素质提供科学依据。.