ABO Genotyping finds more A2 to B kidney transplant opportunities than lectin-based subtyping

Abstract

ABO compatibility is important for kidney transplantation, with longer waitlist times for blood group B kidney transplant candidates. However, kidneys from non-A₁ (eg, A₂) subtype donors, which express less A antigen, can be safely transplanted into group B recipients. ABO subtyping is routinely performed using anti-A₁ lectin, but DNA-based genotyping is also possible. Here, we compare lectin and genotyping testing. Lectin and genotype subtyping was performed on 554 group A deceased donor samples at 2 transplant laboratories. The findings were supported by 2 additional data sets of 210 group A living kidney donors and 124 samples with unclear lectin testing sent to a reference laboratory. In deceased donors, genotyping found 65% more A₂ donors than lectin testing, most with weak lectin reactivity, a finding supported in living donors and samples sent for reference testing. DNA sequencing and flow cytometry showed that the discordances were because of several factors, including transfusion, small variability in A antigen levels, and rare ABO∗A2.06 and ABO∗A2.16 sequences. Although lectin testing is the current standard for transplantation subtyping, genotyping is accurate and could increase A₂ kidney transplant opportunities for group B candidates, a difference that should reduce group B wait times and improve transplant equity.

Keywords: ABO genotyping; ABO incompatibility; Dolichos biflorus lectin; donors and donation; kidney transplantation/nephrology; molecular biology; solid organ transplantation; translational research/science.