Associations of swallowing-related muscle quantity and quality with sarcopenic parameters

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the associations between swallowing-related muscle characteristics and sarcopenic parameters.

Methods: We included 147 community-dwelling older adults (age: 71.6 ± 4.7 years, body mass index: 23.0 ± 2.7 kg/m² (mean ± standard deviation), men: 50; women: 97) and categorized them into robust (n = 125), low-function (n = 17), and sarcopenia (n = 5) groups based on the diagnostic criteria of the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. We evaluated the geniohyoid muscle (GHM) and tongue characteristics (muscle quantity and quality). The cross-sectional area (CSA) indicated the muscle quantity, and echo intensity (EI) values indicated the muscle quality. A multiple regression analysis was performed to clarify the relationship of swallowing-related muscle characteristics and strength with sarcopenic parameters.

Results: The grip strength (CSA of GHM: β = 1.64, p = 0.03) and skeletal muscle mass index (CSA of tongue: β = 74.81, p = 0.003, EI of tongue: β = 1.92, p = 0.009) were better indicators of swallowing-related muscle characteristics.

Conclusion: These findings may facilitate the early detection of aging-related deterioration in swallowing-related musculature through the diagnostic process of sarcopenia and increase our understanding of muscle physiology.

Keywords: Community-based long-term care; Geniohyoid muscle; Sarcopenia; Tongue; Ultrasound.