1 Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
2 Department of Community and Public Health, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mbale, Uganda.
3 Public Health Group, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.
4 Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
5 Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.