Delayed HIV diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland: A call for targeted HIV testing for those under suspicion of SARS-CoV-2

HIV Med. 2022 Dec;23(11):1173-1183. doi: 10.1111/hiv.13437. Epub 2022 Nov 13.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse patients newly diagnosed with HIV who were originally admitted to hospitals with suspicion of COVID-19.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series undertaken at four sites. Only adults with new HIV diagnosis and COVID-19 exclusion hospitalized in 2020-2021 were included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records.

Results: Twenty-five patients were included in the analysis: 19 men (76%), 11 of Ukrainian origin (44%). The median age was 38.5 years (range 25-59). The mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual for 11 (44%) patients, eight (32%) were men who have sex with men and three (12%) were people who inject drugs. The median duration of symptoms prior to hospital presentation was 20.6 days (range 3-90). The median number of SARS-CoV-2 tests per patient was 2.62 (range 1-7). All SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative. Screening for HIV was performed on average on the 18th day of hospitalization (range 1-36 days). Twenty-three patients (92%) were late presenters, 22 (88%) had advanced disease, and 19 (76%) were in the AIDS stage. The median CD4 T-cell count was 72 cells/μL (range 3-382). The rate of positive HIV testing at the two sites where it was available for people with suspected COVID-19 was 0.13% (7/5458 during the study period).

Conclusions: We strongly recommend introducing the HIV screening test in the diagnostic algorithm for every patient suspected of having COVID-19, presenting with clinical and/or radiological pulmonary symptoms.

Keywords: COVID-19 suspicion; HIV late presentation; HIV testing.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • COVID-19* / diagnosis
  • Female
  • HIV Infections* / diagnosis
  • HIV Infections* / epidemiology
  • HIV Testing
  • Homosexuality, Male
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pandemics
  • Poland / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Sexual and Gender Minorities*