Baricitinib vs tocilizumab treatment for hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19 and associated cytokine storm: a prospective, investigational, real-world study

Abstract

Objectives: Our aim was to compare outcomes of hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 and cytokine storm treated with tocilizumab or baricitinib.

Methods: A prospective, investigational, real-world study was performed from April 2020 to April 2021 at our center. COVID-19 severity was classified by World Health Organization criteria, and cytokine storm was documented along predefined criteria. Eligible patients were enrolled at diagnosis if they fulfilled a priori inclusion criteria and received standard-of-care plus tocilizumab or baricitinib for >48 hours. Patients were followed per protocol for 28 days post-diagnosis. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were invasive mechanical ventilation and major infectious complications.

Results: Of 463 patients, 102/463 (22.1%) received tocilizumab, and 361/463 (77.9%) baricitinib. Baseline characteristics were balanced. At 28 days, there was no difference in all-cause mortality (22/102, 21.6% vs 64/361, 17.7%; P-value = 0.38). Requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation was more frequent after tocilizumab (52/102, 50.9% vs 96/361, 26.6%; P <0.01), rate of major infectious complications was similar (32/102, 31.4% vs 96/361, 26.6%; P-value = 0.34). In logistic regression, the immunomodulatory drug was not retained as a predictor of all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically similar survival distributions.

Conclusion: All-cause mortality was similar between adults treated with baricitinib or tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 with cytokine storm.

Keywords: Baricitinib; COVID-19; Cytokine storm; SARS-CoV-2; Tocilizumab.