Rise of intravenous nutrition products among professional team sport athletes: reasons to be concerned?

Affiliations

• ¹ Orreco Limited, Business Innovation Unit, NUIG, Galway, Ireland.
• ² English Institute of Sport, Sports Training Village, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
• ³ Department of Haematology, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland.
• ⁴ Tottenham Hotspur FC, Enfield, UK.
• ⁵ Toronto Raptors, OVO Athletic Training Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁶ San Francisco 49ers, Santa Clara, California, USA.
• ⁷ Dallas Mavericks Inc, Mavericks Training Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
• ⁸ Newcastle United Football Club, Department of Medicine, Benton, UK.
• ⁹ Orreco Limited, Business Innovation Unit, NUIG, Galway, Ireland pedlarc@stmarys.ac.uk.
• ¹⁰ Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary's University Twickenham, London, UK.
• ¹¹ Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK.