Objectives: To study the clinical value of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 11 neonates with PPHN who were treated with ECMO in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Zhongshan People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021, involving the neonates' general information, clinical diagnosis, laboratory results, duration of ECMO treatment, complications during ECMO treatment, length of hospital stay, and outcome.
Results: Of the 11 neonates, 10 (91%) had successful weaning from ECMO, and 8 (73%) survived. For the 11 neonates, the mean duration of ECMO treatment was (81±50) hours (range: 26 to 185 hours), the mean duration of ventilator use was (198±105) hours (range: 57 to 392 hours), and the mean length of hospital stay was (22±15) days (range: 2 to 49 days). The oxygenation index and blood lactate level were significantly improved after 24 hours of ECMO treatment among the 11 neonates (P<0.05). Ten neonates had significantly reduced pulmonary artery pressure after 24 hours of ECMO treatment (P<0.05). One neonate had a progressive increase in the pulmonary artery pressure during EMCO treatment, succumbing to death. This neonate was diagnosed with alveolar capillary dysplasia based on the histopathological findings of the lung tissue and whole-exome sequencing results. Among the 11 children, 5 had intracranial hemorrhage, 1 had disseminated intravascular coagulation, 1 had gastric hemorrhage, 2 had pulmonary hemorrhage, 1 had renal insufficiency, and 3 had bleeding at the puncture site during ECMO treatment.
Conclusions: ECMO is effective for the treatment of PPHN, however, the high incidence of complications of ECMO treatment suggests that it is important to carefully assess the indications and timing of ECMO treatment and improve the management of ECMO, which can improve the weaning rate and survival rate.
目的: 探讨体外膜肺氧合技术（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）在新生儿持续肺动脉高压（persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn，PPHN）救治中的临床应用价值。方法: 回顾性收集2015年1月至2021年12月在中山市人民医院新生儿重症监护室中应用ECMO支持的11例PPHN新生儿的临床资料，包括患儿的一般资料、临床诊断、实验室检查、ECMO支持时间及过程中各种并发症、住院时间、结局等，进行比较分析。结果: 11例患儿中有10例撤机成功，撤机成功率91%；存活8例，存活率73%。11例患儿ECMO治疗时间26~185 h，平均治疗时间（81±50）h；呼吸机治疗时间57~392 h，平均治疗时间（198±105）h；住院时间2~49 d，平均住院时间（22±15）d。11例患儿ECMO治疗24 h后氧合指数、血乳酸水平较ECMO治疗前均显著改善（P<0.05）；其中10例患儿ECMO治疗24 h后肺动脉压力较ECMO治疗前均显著下降（P<0.05）；1例患儿在EMCO治疗期间肺动脉压力呈进行性升高，最终死亡，结合尸检肺组织病理及全外显子测序结果，确诊为肺泡毛细血管发育不良。11例患儿ECMO治疗期间发生颅内出血5例，弥散性血管内凝血1例，胃出血1例，肺出血2例，肾功能不全1例，穿刺处出血3例。结论: ECMO技术是一种有效应用于常规治疗无效的PPHN新生儿救治的心肺支持措施。应用ECMO技术的并发症发生率高，需严格掌握适应证、把握时机、提高ECMO管理水平，才能提高患儿的撤机率及存活率。.
Keywords: Alveolar capillary dysplasia; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Neonate; Persistent pulmonary hypertension.