Layer-Specific Changes in the Prefrontal Glia/Neuron Ratio Characterizes Patches of Gene Expression Disorganization in Children with Autism

J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Sep;53(9):3648-3658. doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05626-8. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is manifested by abnormal cell numbers and patches of gene expression disruption in higher-order brain regions. Here, we investigated whether layer-specific changes in glia/neuron ratios (GNR) characterize patches in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC) of children with ASD. We analyzed high-resolution digital images of postmortem human brains from 11 ASD and 11 non-ASD children obtained from the Autism Study of the Allen Human Brain Atlas. We found the GNR is overall reduced in the ASD DL-PFC. Moreover, layers II-III belonging to patches presented a lower GNR in comparison with layers V-VI. We here provide a new insight into how brain cells are arranged within patches that contributes to elucidate how neurodevelopmental programs are altered in ASD.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Morphometry; Postmortem.

MeSH terms

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / genetics
  • Autistic Disorder*
  • Child
  • Gene Expression
  • Humans
  • Neuroglia / metabolism
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Prefrontal Cortex / metabolism