Early/Subtle Electrocardiography Features of Acute Coronary Syndrome and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2022 Jan-Mar;15(1):66-69. doi: 10.4103/JETS.JETS_186_20. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Abstract

Chest pain is one of the most common presenting complaints in the emergency department. Interpreting a 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) for evidence of ischemia is always challenging. Frank ECG changes such as ST-segment elevation and ST-segment depression can be easily identified by emergency physicians. However, identifying subtle or early features of ACS in the 12-lead ECG is essential in preventing significant mortality and morbidity from ACS. In the following case series, we describe five of the subtle/early ECG changes of ACS, namely (1) T-wave inversion in lead aVL; (2) terminal QRS distortion; (3) hyperacute T-waves; (4) negative U-waves in precordial leads; and (5) loss of precordial T-wave balance. In all these cases, the initial 12-lead ECG showed only subtle/early ECG changes which were followed up with serial ECGs which progressed to STEMI.

Keywords: Early electrocardiography features of acute coronary syndrome; hyperacute T-waves; loss of precordial T-wave balance; negative U-waves; subtle electrocardiography features of acute coronary syndrome; terminal QRS distortion.

Publication types

  • Case Reports