New and efficient magnetic nanocomposite extraction using multifunctional deep eutectic solvent based on ferrofluid and vortex assisted-liquid-liquid microextraction: Determining primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in tetra-packed fruit juices

Abstract

In this work, a novel magnetic nanocomposite solvent (MNCS) based on ferrofluid and multifunctional deep eutectic solvent (MDES) was synthesized and applied in vortex assisted-liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-LLME). The ferrofluid has been composed from zirconium phosphate (modified magnetic graphene oxide) and tetrabutylammonium bromide-octanoic acid deep eutectic solvent (MGO/α-ZrP@TBAB-OA). This efficient method was employed to determine primary aromatic amines including aniline, 4-methoxyanniline, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, orthotoluidine, 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2-naphtylamine in tetra-packed juice samples. The proposed method showed the excellent extraction efficiency of PAAs according to strong interactions of new extraction solvent including electrostatic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding attractions. The found levels of PAAs are lower than the limit of quantifications (2.0 µg L^-1). Therefore, the migration of PAAs from packaging to the juice samples is lower than permitted level (<10 µg kg^-1). The results indicated high potential use of the offered method to analyze aromatic amine compounds in foodstuff and biologic samples in the future.

Keywords: 2,6-Dimethylaniline (PubChem CID: 6896); 2-Naphtylamine (Pubchem CID: 7057); 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane (PubChem CID: 7577); 4-Methoxyanniline (PubChem CID: 7732); Aniline (PubChem CID: 22407254); Ferrofluid; Magnetic nanocomposite; Multifunctional deep eutectic solvent; Octanoic acid (PubChem CID: 379); Orthotoluidine (PubChem CID: 12484); Primary aromatic amines; Tetrabutylammonium bromide (Pubchem CID: 74236); Tetrapacked juice samples; Zirconium phosphate (PubChem CID: 160986).