Inactivation of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Type 2 (amhrII) Gene in Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Results in Male-To-Female Sex Reversal

Sex Dev. 2022;16(4):289-294. doi: 10.1159/000521003. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Abstract

Background: The anti-müllerian hormone (Amh) pathway is crucial for sexual development in teleosts. A male-specific duplicate of anti-müllerian hormone (amhby) was previously identified as the northern pike (Esox lucius) master sex determination gene. However, the role of its putative cognate receptor, i.e., the anti-müllerian hormone receptor type 2 (amhrII) was unclear in this species.

Objective: Here, we investigated the role of amhrII during sexual development of northern pike.

Method: We generated stable mutants with deletions in exon 9 of amhrII, inactivating the AmhrII protein using a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout strategy.

Result: The inactivation of amhrII in northern pike results in a high level of male-to-female sex reversal.

Conclusion: This result demonstrates that amhrII is necessary for male sexual development in northern pike and supports the idea that AmhrII is a conserved regulator of the teleosts sex differentiation network.

Keywords: AMHRII; CRISPR-Cas9; Fish Gene inactivation; Sex determination.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Mullerian Hormone* / genetics
  • Anti-Mullerian Hormone* / metabolism
  • Esocidae* / metabolism
  • Female
  • Male
  • Receptors, Peptide / genetics
  • Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics

Substances

  • Anti-Mullerian Hormone
  • anti-Mullerian hormone receptor
  • Receptors, Peptide
  • Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta