A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Mar 22;119(12):e2200065119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2200065119. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Abstract

SignificanceConcern has increased about the pandemic potential of Nipah virus (NiV). Similar to SARS-CoV-2, NiV is an RNA virus that is transmitted by respiratory droplets. There are currently no NiV vaccines licensed for human use. While several preventive vaccines have shown promise in protecting animals against lethal NiV disease, most studies have assessed protection 1 mo after vaccination. However, in order to contain and control outbreaks, vaccines that can rapidly confer protection in days rather than months are needed. Here, we show that a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the NiV glycoprotein can completely protect monkeys vaccinated 7 d prior to NiV exposure and 67% of animals vaccinated 3 d before NiV challenge.

Keywords: Nipah virus; henipavirus; rVSV-NiV; recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus; vaccine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Biomarkers
  • Genetic Vectors
  • Henipavirus Infections / veterinary*
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Neutralization Tests
  • Nipah Virus / immunology*
  • Outcome Assessment, Health Care
  • Primate Diseases / diagnosis
  • Primate Diseases / mortality
  • Primate Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Primate Diseases / virology
  • Vaccination
  • Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology*
  • Viral Load
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Biomarkers
  • Vaccines, Synthetic
  • Viral Vaccines