Symptomatic Plasmodium vivax Infection in Rwanda

Jessica N McCaffery; Tharcisse Munyaneza; Aline Uwimana; Doug Nace; Naomi Lucchi; Eric S Halsey; Eric Rogier

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac025

Symptomatic Plasmodium vivax Infection in Rwanda

Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Jan 19;9(3):ofac025. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac025. eCollection 2022 Mar.

Authors

Jessica N McCaffery^{1

2}, Tharcisse Munyaneza³, Aline Uwimana⁴, Doug Nace¹, Naomi Lucchi^{1

5}, Eric S Halsey^{1

6}, Eric Rogier¹

Affiliations

¹ Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
² Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
³ National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
⁴ Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
⁵ U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kigali, Rwanda.
⁶ U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Abstract

We report a Plasmodium vivax infection in a Rwandan child misdiagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum and administered artemether-lumefantrine. Antigen detection revealed an absence of P falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and presence of Plasmodium vivax lactate dehydrogenase. Nested and real-time polymerase chain reactions verified that the sample only contained P vivax deoxyribonucleic acid.

Keywords: PCR; Plasmodium vivax; microscopy; misdiagnosis; multiplex.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022.