Objective: To summarize the role of chondrocytes mitochondrial biogenesis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), and analyze the applications in the treatment of OA.
Methods: A review of recent literature was conducted to summarize the changes in mitochondrial biogenesis in the course of OA, the role of major signaling molecules in OA chondrocytes, and the prospects for OA therapeutic applications.
Results: Recent studies reveales that mitochondria are significant energy metabolic centers in chondrocytes and its dysfunction has been considered as an essential mechanism in the pathogenesis of OA. Mitochondrial biogenesis is one of the key processes maintaining the normal quantity and function of mitochondria, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is the central regulator of this process. A regulatory network of mitochondrial biogenesis with PGC-1α as the center, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sirtuin1/3, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein as the main upstream regulatory molecules, and nuclear respiratory factor 1, estrogen-related receptor α, and nuclear respiratory factor 2 as the main downstream regulatory molecules has been reported. However, the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in OA chondrocytes still needs further validation and in-depth exploration. It has been demonstrated that substances such as puerarin and omentin-1 can retard the development of OA by activating the damaged mitochondrial biogenesis in OA chondrocytes, which proves the potential to be used in the treatment OA.
Conclusion: Mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OA, and further exploring the related mechanisms is of great clinical significance.
目的: 总结软骨细胞线粒体生物发生在骨关节炎（osteoarthritis，OA）发病机制中的作用并分析其应用前景。.
方法: 查阅近年国内外相关文献，对线粒体生物发生在OA病程中的变化、在OA软骨细胞中主要信号分子的作用，以及在OA治疗中的应用前景进行总结。.
结果: 近年研究发现线粒体是软骨细胞的重要能量代谢中心，其功能障碍被认为是OA发生、发展的重要机制。线粒体生物发生是维持线粒体正常数量和功能的关键生物过程之一，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha，PGC-1α）是该过程的关键调控因子。现已报道了以PGC-1α为中心，腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶、沉默信息调节因子1/3及环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白等为主要上游调控分子，核呼吸因子1、雌激素受体α、核呼吸因子2等为主要下游调控分子的线粒体生物发生调控网络。然而，软骨细胞线粒体生物发生在OA发病机制中的作用还需进一步深入探索。已有研究表明如葛根素、人网膜素-1等药物和活性物质可通过激活OA软骨细胞中受损的线粒体生物发生过程延缓OA发生、发展，为OA治疗提供了新思路。.
结论: 软骨细胞线粒体生物发生在OA发病机制中起重要作用，进一步探索相关机制具有重要临床意义。.
Keywords: Osteoarthritis; chondrocytes; mitochondrial biogenesis; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha.