Background: No reports exist regarding the prevalence of different Na levels and their relationship with 90-day prognosis in hospitalized patients with acute-on-chronic liver disease (AoCLD) in China. Therefore, the benefit of hyponatremia correction in AoCLD patients remains unclear.
Methods: We prospectively collected the data of 3970 patients with AoCLD from the CATCH-LIFE cohort in China. The prevalence of different Na levels (≤ 120; 120-135; 135-145; > 145) and their relationship with 90-day prognosis were analyzed. For hyponatremic patients, we measured Na levels on days 4 and 7 and compared their characteristics, based on whether hyponatremia was corrected.
Results: A total of 3880 patients were involved; 712 of those developed adverse outcomes within 90 days. There were 80 (2.06%) hypernatremic, 28 (0.72%) severe hyponatremic, and 813 (20.95%) mild hyponatremic patients at admission. After adjusting for all confounding factors, the risk of 90-day adverse outcomes decreased by 5% (odds ratio [OR] 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-0.97; p < 0.001), 24% (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.70-0.84; p < 0.001), and 42% (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.49-0.70; p < 0.001) as Na level increased by 1, 5, and 10 mmol/L, respectively. Noncorrection of hyponatremia on days 4 and 7 was associated with 2.05-fold (hazard ratio [HR], 2.05; 95% CI, 1.50-2.79; p < 0.001) and 1.46-fold (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.05-2.02; p = 0.028) higher risk of adverse outcomes.
Conclusions: Hyponatremia was an independent risk factor for a poor 90-day prognosis in patients with AoCLD. Failure to correct hyponatremia in a week after admission was often associated with increased mortality. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02457637, NCT03641872).
Clinical trial numbers: This study is registered at Shanghai www.clinicaltrials.org (NCT02457637 and NCT03641872).
Keywords: 90-day; Acute-on-chronic liver disease; Adverse outcome; AoCLD; Hyponatremia; Na; Prevalence; Prognosis; Serum sodium; Significance.
© 2021. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver.