1 Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Center for Quality and Safety, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: dshahian@partners.org.
2 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
3 Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
4 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois.
5 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
6 Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Heart Institute, Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
7 McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Memorial Hermann Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston, Texas.
8 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
9 Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
10 Division of General Thoracic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California.