Esophageal cancer is the main malignant cancer in China. In 2015, the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were 17.87 per 100 000 and 13.68 per 100 000, respectively, ranking 6th and 4th in the incidence and death. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main pathological type of esophageal cancer, accounting for 86.3% of new cases. ESCC's pathogenesis is still not clear and its related risk factors remain to be explored. There are no detection biomarkers that can be widely applied in the whole country nowadays. In order to provide a scientific basis for exploring the pathogenesis of ESCC and improve screening technology, this paper summarizes the research status of various risk factors and potential biomarkers of ESCC.
食管癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一，2015年食管癌发病率和死亡率分别为17.87/10万和13.68/10万，位列我国发病和死因顺位的第6位和第4位。食管鳞状细胞癌是我国食管癌的主要病理类型，占全部新发病例的86.3%。食管鳞状细胞癌病因尚未明确，危险因素众多，尚无可大规模推广应用的分子标志物。文章对食管鳞状细胞癌的主要危险因素和有潜在筛查应用价值生物标志物的研究进展进行了总结，以期为食管鳞状细胞癌的病因探索和筛查技术完善提供科学依据。.
Keywords: Biomarkers; Esophageal neoplasms; Risk factor; Squamous cell carcinoma.