Lower-Third Standardized Letters of Evaluation in Emergency Medicine: Does Gender Make a Difference in Match Outcome?

Erica B Shaver; Haley D Frauen; Rachel Z Polinski; Stephen M Davis; Kimberly D Quedado; Joseph Hansroth; Kristin H Davis; Michelle R Angeline; Christopher S Kiefer

doi:10.7759/cureus.19507

Lower-Third Standardized Letters of Evaluation in Emergency Medicine: Does Gender Make a Difference in Match Outcome?

Cureus. 2021 Nov 12;13(11):e19507. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19507. eCollection 2021 Nov.

Authors

Erica B Shaver¹, Haley D Frauen¹, Rachel Z Polinski¹, Stephen M Davis², Kimberly D Quedado¹, Joseph Hansroth¹, Kristin H Davis¹, Michelle R Angeline¹, Christopher S Kiefer¹

Affiliations

¹ Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA.
² Health Policy and Leadership, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, USA.

Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender influences the likelihood of receiving a lower-third global assessment (GA) on the standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) submitted as part of the emergency medicine (EM) application process as well as the impact of gender on ultimate match outcomes for applicants receiving a lower-third GA ranking. Our hypothesis was that female applicants with a lower-third GA ranking have a higher risk of not matching. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating U.S.-based allopathic applicants to a single EM residency program in the Mid-Atlantic region during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 match cycles. GA SLOE rankings and gender for all applicants were extracted and compared to the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data for each applicant on match outcome. Comparative analyses were conducted between gender and SLOE GA rankings in order to obtain an odds ratio (OR) of gender and match outcomes. Results A total of 2,017 SLOEs were reviewed from 798 applicants in the 2018 and 2019 EM match cycles. Overall, 716 (90%) applicants successfully matched in EM, with 82 (10%) applicants failing to match into EM; 277 students had at least one lower-third GA ranking. For all applicants, having at least one lower-third GA ranking was associated with a significant risk of not matching (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.12-0.34). Of the 277 students with at least one lower-third GA ranking, 85 (31%) were female and 192 (69%) were male. Of the female applicants with a lower-third GA ranking, 15 (18%) failed to match in EM, and 39 (20%) of the males failed to match in EM. For applicants with a lower-third GA ranking, female gender alone was not associated with a significantly increased risk of not matching (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.61-2.21). Conclusions Female applicants receive a lower-third GA ranking less frequently than their male counterparts. One or more lower-third rankings on the GA significantly reduced an applicant's chances of matching into an EM program. For those with a lower-third GA ranking, female gender alone does not significantly increase the risk of not matching into EM.

Keywords: emergency medicine; gender bias; medical education; residency selection; student assessment.