Starvation ketoacidosis and refeeding syndrome

BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Dec 8;14(12):e245065. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245065.

Abstract

Starvation ketoacidosis (SKA) is a rarer cause of ketoacidosis. Most patients will only have a mild acidosis, but if exacerbated by stress can result in a severe acidosis. We describe a 66-year-old man admitted with reduced consciousness and found to have a severe metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap. His body mass index (BMI) was noted to be within the healthy range at 23 kg/m2; however, it was last documented 1 year previously at 28 kg/m2 with no clear timeframe of weight loss. While his acidosis improved with intravenous fluids, he subsequently developed severe electrolyte imbalance consistent with refeeding during his admission. Awareness of SKA as a cause for high anion gap metabolic acidosis is important and knowledge of management including intravenous fluids, thiamine, dietetic input and electrolyte replacement is vital.

Keywords: malnutrition; metabolic disorders; nutrition; nutritional support.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acid-Base Equilibrium
  • Acidosis* / etiology
  • Aged
  • Humans
  • Ketosis* / diagnosis
  • Ketosis* / etiology
  • Male
  • Refeeding Syndrome* / etiology
  • Starvation*
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance* / etiology
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance* / therapy